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Table 1 Distribution of character states and results of the Fisher’s exact rxc-tests

From: Morphology of lentic and lotic tadpoles from Madagascar

 

Lentic

Lotic

P

Oral disc position

 Ventral

16% (7)

54% (43)

<  0.001*

 Anteroventral

67% (29)

36% (29)

 Terminal

16% (7)

10% (8)

Oral disc type

 Funnel-shaped

0% (0)

9% (7)

0.055

 Normal or folded

98% (42)

85% (68)

 Specialised

0% (0)

4% (3)

 No data

2% (1)

3% (2)

 

Oral disc width

 Broad

0% (0)

29% (23)

<  0.001*

 Moderate

67% (29)

56% (45)

 Narrow

33% (14)

14% (11)

 No data

0% (0)

1% (1)

 

Labial tooth rows

 <  5

9% (4)

1% (1)

0.060

 5 (includes 2/3)

2% (1)

5% (4)

 >  5

60% (26)

73% (58)

 0 keratodonts

21% (9)

11% (9)

 no data

7% (3)

10% (8)

 

Ventral jaw sheath

 V, U, arch

84% (36)

84% (67)

<  0.05*

 Arch, V, inverted

0% (0)

6% (5)

 Horizontal

7% (3)

1% (1)

 Specialised

2% (1)

6% (5)

 Missing

5% (2)

0% (0)

 No data

2% (1)

3% (2)

 

Dorsal jaw sheath

 V, U, inverted

16% (7)

13% (10)

<  0.05*

 Horizontal

2% (1)

0% (0)

 Arch

47% (20)

29% (23)

 Specialised

28% (12)

56% (45)

 Missing

5% (2)

0% (0)

 No data

2% (1)

3% (2)

 

Marginal papillae

 1 complete or incomplete row

58% (25)

43% (34)

<  0.05*

 ≥ 2 complete or incomplete rows

35% (15)

39% (31)

 Specialised

0% (0)

13% (10)

 No papillae

7% (3)

5% (4)

 No data

0% (0)

1% (1)

 

Eye position

 More lateral than dorsal

37% (16)

31% (25)

0.832

 More dorsal than lateral

12% (5)

14% (11)

 Dorsolateral

51% (22)

55% (44)

Distance between eyes

 Broad

21% (9)

35% (28)

0.352

 Intermediate

51% (22)

54% (43)

 Narrow

12% (5)

8% (6)

 No data

16% (7)

4% (3)

 

Eye size

 Big

7% (3)

25% (20)

<  0.01*

 Intermediate

74% (32)

71% (57)

 Small

19% (8)

4% (3)

Body shape

 Depressed

49% (21)

55% (44)

0.187

 Moderately depressed

33% (14)

38% (30)

 Normal, globular

19% (8)

8% (6)

Relative length of tail to body

 <  0, 99

5% (2)

5% (4)

0.988

 1-1, 49

14% (6)

15% (12)

 1, 5-1, 99

53% (23)

50% (40)

 ≥ 2

28% (12)

30% (24)

Tail muscle

 Not robust

47% (20)

11% (9)

<  0.001*

 Slightly robust

37% (16)

25% (20)

 Robust

16% (7)

64% (51)

Fins

 Convex shaped, not low

33% (14)

15% (12)

<  0.001*

 Moderately low

56% (24)

41% (33)

 Low

12% (5)

44% (35)

Tail tip

 Pointed

28% (12)

16% (13)

0.299

 Intermediate

12% (5)

16% (13)

 Rounded

60% (26)

68% (54)

  1. Significant values are indicated by *; percentage data are followed by total numbers in parentheses, based on 123 species