Table 2 Carotenoid content and composition of each stage in the life cycle of “akatombo” (the red dragonfly; Sympetrum frequens), and joro spider (Nephila clavata)
Arthropod species | The red dragonfly Sympetrum frequens | Joro spider | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Larvae | Teneral adults | Immature adults | Mature adults | Nephila clavata | |
Collected month | June, 2017 | June, 2017 | July, 2017 | October, 2017 | October, 2015 |
Collected place | in rice-paddy fields | in rice-paddy fields | on Mt. Gozaisyo-dake | near rice-paddy fields | near rice-paddy fields |
Koka-shi, Shiga | Koka-shi, Shiga | Komomo-cyo, Mie | Koka-shi, Shiga | Koka-shi, Shiga | |
Total carotenoid content (μg/g) | 0.7 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 18.1 | 13.8 |
Carotenoid composition (%) | |||||
β,β-carotene (β-carotene) | 40.1 | 46.2 | 59.6 | 37.9 | 5.1 |
β-zeacarotene | 2.5 | 10.1 | 1.3 | ||
β,ψ-carotene (γ-carotene) | 7.8 | 8.3 | 8.1 | ||
γ,ψ-carotene | |||||
β,γ-carotene | 3.7 | 16.5 | 0.6 | ||
γ,γ-carotene | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | ||
Torulene | 1.5 | 2.2 | 1.7 | ||
β-caroten-2-ol | 2.2 | trace | 3.8 | 4.2 | 2.9 |
Echinenone | 1.8 | 3.2 | 4.2 | 3.5 | 5.2 |
Canthaxanthin | 2.1 | 10.8 | |||
β-cryptoxanthin | 5.2 | 26.8 | 9.5 | 5.6 | 4 |
Zeaxanthin | 16.5 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 4.4 | |
Lutein | 14.2 | 4.5 | 3.4 | 4.0 | 21.7 |
Fucoxanthin | 32.1 | ||||
Adonirubina | 12.3 | ||||
Astaxanthinb | 1.9 | ||||
Others | 2.3 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 3.8 | 18.7c |
Body number examined | 100 | 34 | 34 | 184 | 4 |